Innovation Forum 2016.4.20 Ben Dankbaar Topic:“From Catching up to Meeting the Grand Challenges: The Changing Faces of Industrial Policy.” Summary:Industrial policy is back on the political agenda, but remains highly controversial. Some industrial policies are heavily criticized, while others are drawing broad support. This paper offers a typology of industrial policies, which aims to clarify the issues involved and the theoretical foundations for different policies. Four types are distinguished. It is argued that that all four are practiced today, but that they made their first appearance in different periods in history.Therefore, the typology is called ‘quasi-historical’. The second half of the paper focuses on modern discussions about the role of…